Stabilization of Lateritic Soil for Road Application Using Lime and Cow Bone Ash
Ayoola Akinwunmi *
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Philip Agbude
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Ondo State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Roads should possess sufficient strength to support wheel loads imposed upon them either during construction or the service life of the pavement. It is sometimes necessary to treat soils to provide a stable subgrade or a working platform for the construction of the road surface. Cow bones scattered in Nigerian meat markets and abattoirs have become an environmental concern, hence the need to seek alternative uses for them. This study is concentrated on the stabilizing potential of cow bone ash (CBA) as an eco-friendly bio-waste material and lime on the stabilization of lateritic soil for road application. It is aimed at achieving the effective utilization of lateritic soil as a practicable construction material by attempting to identify the best percentages of soil stabilizers (binders) needed to improve the soil. Based on this, the study identified the methods that were used on lateritic soil samples obtained from Ado-Ikere road, Ado Ekiti in Ekiti state, Nigeria and the method of stabilization using cow bone ash and lime on the soil sample. The following laboratory tests and experiments were carried out: sieve analysis, atterberg limits, compaction, california bearing ratio (CBR) and thermo-scientific X-ray fluorescence (XRF). They were used to investigate the influence of cow bone ash and lime on lateritic soil. Different percentages of lime and cow bone ash (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) respectively were used for the stabilization of the lateritic soil samples. Also, different proportions of addition of lime and cow bone ash were explored to stabilize the soil. The CBR test results showed that the addition of 8%, being the optimum amount or addition of binder of lime and CBA increased the CBR of lateritic soil. It also revealed that cow bone ash and lime can be used for stabilization of lateritic soil.
Keywords: Subgrade, soil stabilizers, soil sample, compaction, california bearing ratio, atterberg limits
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Loveridge N. Bone: More than a Stick. J. Animal Science. 1999;77(2):190-196.
Maclaren DC, White MA. Cement: Its chemistry and properties. Journal of Chemical Education. 2003;8(6):623.
Osuji OS, Akinwande J. Physico-chemical properties of lateritic soil in Ado-Ekiti, South Western Nigeria. University Journal of Environmental Research and Technology. 2018;7:10-18.
Rogers CDF, Glendinnining S. Modification of Clay Soil Using In C. A. Rogers (Ed). Proceedings of the Seminar Held at Loughborough University on Lime Stabilization. London: Thomas Telford. 1993;99-114.
Mohammed A, Aboje AA, Auta M, Jibril M. A Comparative analysis and characterisation of animal bones as absorbent. Pelagia Resource Library Advance Applied Science Research. 2012;3:3089-3096.
Norton. Understanding Pottery Techniques. New York Studio Vista Publisher. 2000;102-115.
Adams T. Three Broad Types of Soil Stabilization. Ind. Article; 2015. Available:Https://Globalroadtechnology.Com/Three-Broad-Types
Amu OO, Adetuberu AA. Characteristics of bamboo leaf ash stabilization on lateritic soil in highway construction. International Journal Engineering Technology. 2010; 2(4):212-219.
Oyelami CA, Van Rooy JL. A Review of the use of Lateritic Soil in the Construction/Development of Sustainable Housing in Africa: A Geological Perspective. Journal of African Earth Sciences. Elsevier Ltd. 2016;119:226-237.
DOI: 10.1016/J.Jafreasci.2016.03.019.
Sherwood P. Soil Stabilization with Cement and Lime. State of the Art Review London: Transport Research Laboratory, HM50; 1993.
The United Republic of Tanzanian, Laboratory Testing Manual. Central Materials Laboratory (CML); 2000.
Ayininuola GM, Akiniyi BD. Bone Ash Influence on Soil Consolidation. Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering. 2013;28(3): 407-422.
Ayininuola GM, Sogunro AO. Bone ash impacts on soil shear strength. Malaysian. Journal of Civil Engineering. International Journal of Environmental, Earth Science and Engineering, World Academy of Science and Tech. 2013;7(11):330-334.
Bhushan Mahajan. Soil Stabilization and Metho for Road and Airfield. 2012;9:81. Available:www.Civiconcepts.Com
Braja M Das. Soil mechanics laboratory manual. 6th Edition. Oxford University Press. 2002;52-58.
Chukwutem E. Geotechnical Properties of Lateritic Soil Stabilized with Bone Ash and Hydrated Lime for Road Application; 2020.
Engineering Consultancy Services Punjab (PVT) Limited. Questions/Answers on Road Construction & Road Structure Works; 2018.
Eurosoilstab. Development of Design and Construction Methods to Stabilize Soft Organic Soils: Design Guide for Soft Soil Stabilization. CT97-0351, European; 2002.
Hicks R. Alaska Soil Stabilization Design Guid; 2002.
Ihom PA. Case Hardening of mild steel using cow bone as energiser. African Journal of Engineering Research. 2013;1:97-101.
Joel M, Edeh EJ. Stabilization of Ikpayongo laterite with cement and calcium carbide waste. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2014;20(1). DOI: 10.4314/gjpas.v20i7.8
Ko TH. Nature and properties of lateritic soils derived from different parent materials in Taiwan. Science World J. 2014;14:1-4. DOI: 10.1155/2014/247194